Mediaeval Herbs We Don’t Use Often Today: Comfrey

Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) is a perennial herb native to Europe and Asia. It was used for centuries in medieval medicine. Comfrey has broad, oval-shaped leaves with a coarse texture, and small, bell-shaped flowers that range from purple to white or pink. It grows up to 3 feet tall and has a deep taproot.

Medicinal Uses

  • Wound healing: Comfrey has been used to treat wounds, cuts, and bruises due to its high content of allantoin, a compound that promotes cell growth and repair.
  • Bone fractures: Medieval herbalists used comfrey to treat bone fractures and sprains, as it was believed to promote bone knitting and healing.
  • Digestive issues: Comfrey tea or infusions have been used to soothe digestive problems, such as diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and stomach ulcers.
  • Skin conditions: Comfrey’s anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties make it useful for treating skin conditions like eczema, acne, and psoriasis.
Common Comfrey by Bernard DUPONT from FRANCE, CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Other Uses

  • Fertilizer: Comfrey’s deep taproot allows it to absorb nutrients from the soil, making it a valuable fertilizer plant. Its leaves can be added to compost piles or used as a mulch.
  • Animal feed: Comfrey is a nutritious feed supplement for livestock, particularly poultry and pigs.
  • Dye plant: Comfrey’s flowers and leaves can be used to create a range of colors, from yellow to purple, for natural dyeing.

Precautions

While comfrey has been used for centuries, it’s essential to note that:

  • Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: Comfrey contains these toxic compounds, which can cause liver damage if ingested in large quantities or over an extended period.
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Comfrey should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to the potential risks associated with pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

In summary, comfrey is a versatile herb with a rich history of medicinal and practical uses. However, it’s crucial to use it responsibly and be aware of its potential risks.


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2 responses to “Mediaeval Herbs We Don’t Use Often Today: Comfrey”

  1. In the dim and distant days when I used to play football, comfrey, boiled in water, was an absolutely superb cure for sprains – even quite bad sprains. It worked like magic.

    Distilled witchhazel is similar, but you can get that from the chemist in bottles. The comfrey we used to use grew naturally in the garden.

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  2. That’s really interesting! Their remedies weren’t so silly then!

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