This excellent article by Douglas Biggs suggests that many of the Welsh gentlemen who rose with Glyndwr, or at around the same time, did so, not because of perceived national sentiment but because of patronage, or the lack of it. The usurpation of Henry IV has the side effect of disturbing ‘normal’ patterns of patronage.

Biggs makes clear that the seizure of Conwy Castle by the Tudors was not part of the Owain rebellion, but an attempt by the Tudors to attract royal attention to what they perceived as Henry’s neglect of their supposed just deserts. (What their underlings who were strung up for treason thought of the demonstration, one can but wonder. The Tudors themselves, of course, were pardoned.)


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  1. […] since ascending the throne as a small boy. The end of his reign came when his exiled cousin, Henry of Bolingbroke, by then Duke of Lancaster, returned at the head of an invading army. Richard was in Ireland and […]

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  2. […] the chronicler, Adam of Usk, is to be believed, Edward and Alianore intended to resist Henry Bolingbroke‘s invasion and fortified Usk Castle against him. Henry was just about to march on them when […]

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  3. […] The unfortunate lookalike Maudelyn was hanged, drawn and quartered. I don’t have a date for this, but the ill-fated man was certainly disposed of in this barbaric way early in the reign of the usurper Henry IV. […]

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  4. […] tyrants and murderers (who included in their ranks the future tyrant, murderer and regicide Henry Bolingbroke) claimed that Richard was extravagant. In fact, at this point, he was spending less on his […]

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  5. […] the throne. (Even though he was petitioned to take it by the Three Estates. Even though, unlike Bolingbroke, he did not have a huge army at his back to discourage any opposition. Even though Parliament could […]

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  6. […] right at the end of Henry IV‘s reign, York went out to Guienne as part of a military expedition led by Henry’s […]

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  7. […] mother, Alianore Holland, Countess of March, even after the Lancastrian usurpation, at which point Henry IV took her brothers into his no doubt devoted […]

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  8. […] and in the end he was murdered by Gaunt’s son and heir, the first Lancastrian king Henry IV. Winning by murder was Henry’s route to the throne, not right of inheritance. Lionel of […]

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  9. […] Robert de Vere is how Thomas came to be on the losing side at Radcot Bridge and lost his life at Mortimer’s […]

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  10. […] article by Douglas Biggs demonstrates that this is a complete falsehood. The political situation in Portugal was complex, […]

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  11. […] II’s last Parliament were offered Edmund (whom they rejected) before ‘choosing’ Bolingbroke. It is very telling that, in the circumstances, such an offer was […]

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  12. […] Exeter, and died rebelling in his half-brother’s cause in 1400, when Lancaster’s son, Henry of Bolingbroke, usurped the […]

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  13. […] the Spin Gene, which may have first appeared possibly in John of Gaunt but definitely in his son, Henry IV. Henry was the first Lancastrian king and he conveniently ignored the more senior claim of the Earl […]

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  14. […] execution it had become apparent to most of England that being rid of Richard II in favour of Henry IV had not been a good idea after all. Henry was an odious man who had usurped his cousin Richard’s […]

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  15. […] her husband by some five years) was originally erected in Westminster Abbey, it didn’t suit Henry IV, Richard’s lethal, usurping cousin, to leave it there. Henry didn’t want too much attention […]

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