When he is a hereditary head of state under a different title, of course. There are such people around the world today but Britain had them for a few years.

The first was Oliver Cromwell, the great-great-great-nephew of Thomas Cromwell. As he was finalising the execution of Charles I in 1649, he announced that “the office of King is hereby abolished”. Four years later, he accepted the title of Lord Protector and Defender of the Realm, previously only held for three under age Kings by their closest adult male relatives, of whom Richard of Gloucester was one. When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, he was succeeded by his son Richard, whom he had evidently nominated in advance.

This article reminds us that the three kings named Richard all died of violence or intentional neglect at an early age. Richard Cromwell, although he was only a de facto monarch for about nine months before resigning (abdicating?) but lived on until 1712 when he was eighty-five, spending all but twenty years of his retirement in his own former realm, but his royal connections may not end there. His mother was Elizabeth Bourchier and is likely to be connected to the original noble family by that name, into which Richard’s aunt had married .


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8 responses to “When is a King not a King?”

  1. […] Parliamentary matters are the point, then what about the little squabble between Charles I and Oliver Cromwell? Far more pivotal, […]

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  2. […] Welsh Bible, the Armada and Shakespeare;The Stuarts, van Dyck and Rubens, the Civil War Cromwell “warts and all”, the Restoration, Milton, science, Aphra Benn, Wren and St. […]

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  3. […] badly damaged in the English Civil War, being the last to hold out against the Parliamentarians. Oliver Cromwell hated it for this reason and petitioned Parliament to see it not just slighted but destroyed. He […]

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  4. […] “….An already very unpopular Charles I and his Roundheads were defeated during the English Civil War in 1645 by the Parliamentarians (Puritans), led by Oliver Cromwell….” […]

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  5. […] his childhood, his rise and service as Lord Protector, after Charles I‘s execution, whilst refusing the crown. Here, as part of his afterlife, Allan Barton, on YouTube, discusses the fate of his corpse. This […]

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  6. […] when I was small and my father was always reading some large tome about the French Revolution, or Oliver Cromwell or World War I, he was appalled when I complained there were no […]

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  7. […] monarchs honoured in this way. The series runs from William the Conqueror to William IV, with Oliver Cromwell thrown in for good […]

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  8. […] king who’d brought fun and frivolity back to England after the misery of Cromwell & Co had apparently been hale and hearty on the eve of falling ill. He’d been suddenly hungry and […]

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